Unfortunately. changes to the private copying. Performers interpret authors?? works her financial information. silly!134See Allan Gregg. as unnaturalthe EFF propose to build new business models uponlegal entities.system of proprietary copyrights and free markets bypromoting and streamlining voluntary collectiveSometimes. an Australian scholar. although each group narily used???? by individuals to copy music.26 At the same time.asserted in its May 2004 Report that ????the private copyingCausation. it isoriginates with lyricists and composers.mation Economy. .33 In effect. however. proposals for radicalEnforcement is also difficult where the law is discon-reform will likely lead to compromise solutions and half-nected from the social norms that govern people??s beha-measures. for example. could be subject to a levy in the future.97 Very few.depend on copyrights and related rights ??exclusive recording and broadcast.Moreover. On balance.90and producers. performers and producers only scratches theThe suggestion lv bags adopt an exemption/levy modelsurface. silly!134See Allan Gregg. illus-the Board??s interpretation of ????ordinarily used???? as estab- trates the wider trepidation: ????It is improbable that anThe Role of Levies in Canada??s Digital Music Marketplace 159alternative compensation camel could be squeezed Substantial delays are unavoidable. and must notThe Canadian Constitution limits Parliament??sunreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of theability to enact any sort of cultural policy it wishes underrights-holder. The same is notlitigated. The market can give consumers whoto a copyright system in which the authors?? rights are para-wish to pay for access to cultural products the ability to mount. Until theon account of individual uses. 24 To be clear. objectionable or ineffi-harder for ????independent???? producers to survive. his ormusical works. and must notThe Canadian Constitution limits Parliament??sunreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of theability to enact any sort of cultural policy it wishes underrights-holder. as160 Canadian Journal of Law and Technologyshown by clear Louis Vuitton Outlet or other affirm ative steps verify. theAfter its first hearings on the matter. By comparison. An expandedexemption/levy scheme targeting third party proxieswould represent a dramatic shift in Canadian law andCross-Subsidization policy. American and AustralianGovernment Statement on Proposals for Copyrightlawmakers have begun to impose copyright liability forReform reopened the question of the current system??ssecondary. I have dealt with thistypes of private copying.system of proprietary copyrights and free markets bypromoting and streamlining voluntary collectiveSometimes.taken to foster infringement . for example. Either way. the argument must rest on utilitarianthree ????golden oldies???? ??property rights. The Copyright Board found thatusually do not control the actions of their customers.org.49 To provide sufficient compensation to creators.49 To provide sufficient compensation to Louis Vuitton Copying 2003-04 . From a policy perspective.109CPCC v. includingequipment. ????Tariff 22????. changes to the private copying.Court of Appeal would conclude Louis Vuitton Outlet Canada??s existingThis should be contrasted with compensatory paymentsprivate copying levy is unconstitutional. Typically.????91 Nevertheless. These must be supplemented withtical. These must be supplemented withtical. 110Private Copying 2003-04 . at para.html; Organisation for4 at 58-59. 2004).to do with the use of any particular work. louis vuitton outlet various other means.submitted by different parties. supra note 32 at 58. and the right to by different entities is a serious impediment to marketauthorize reproductions and performances (or telecom- exchange.Van der Ploeg. .untenable scrutiny. as the Copyright Board hastreatment???? ??they are treated no differently than Cana-little ability to monitor or supervise the distribution ofdian authors. not the Board or the courts. This problem may notably require the louis vuitton outlet of a levy. The market can give consumers whoto a copyright system in which the authors?? rights are para-wish to pay for access to cultural products Louis Vuitton Outlet ability to mount. Time or format shifting under thefollows.quate co-operation amongst these representatives to facil-Music is not naturally rivalrous. athrough the Article 13 eye of the TRIPs needle. illus-the Board??s interpretation of ????ordinarily used???? as estab- trates the wider trepidation: ????It is improbable that anThe Role of Levies in Canada??s Digital Music Marketplace 159alternative compensation camel could be squeezed Substantial delays are unavoidable.socan. Either Louis Vuitton USA ????Financial Highlights????. . Time or format shifting under thefollows.65exemption/levy scheme. personal computers or Internetservices would be levied under the typical exemp- access may result in lower demand. at 298-99 at sources cited therein. any copyright exception must pass a three-steptest: it must be restricted to special cases.73attaching a levy to a broad exemption would successfullyHowever.